Arabin-pessary or McDonald Cerclage in Cervical Shortening? / Pessário de Arabin ou cerclagem McDonald no encurtamento cervical?

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of Arabin pessary and McDonald cervical cerclage on preterm delivery. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from patients who underwent either Arabin pessary or McDonald cerclage between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2023. A total of 174 patients were included in the study, with 31 undergoing Arabin pessary and 143 receiving cervical cerclage using the McDonald technique in singleton pregnant women with cervical insufficiency, which applied between 14 and 22 gestational weeks. We included singleton pregnant women with normal morphology, and with normal combined test. The primary outcome was the impact of each method on preterm delivery (< 34 gestational weeks). Results The weeks of cervical cerclage or pessary application were compatible with each other (p< 0.680). The pessary group had a statistically significant longer time to delivery compared with the Cerclage group (cerclage group mean 30.8 c 7.1 standard deviation [SD] versus pessary group mean 35.1 ± 4.4 SD; p< 0.002). A statistically significant difference was found between the pessary and cerclage groups in terms of delivery at < 34 weeks (p= 0.002). In patients with cervical length between 25 and 15mm and < 15mm, no significant difference was found between the pessary and cerclage groups in terms of delivery week (p< 0.212; p< 0.149). Regardless of the technique applied, no statistically significant difference was observed between cervical length and birth < 34 weeks. Conclusion Our study found that pessary use for cervical insufficiency is statistically more effective than cervical cerclage surgery in preventing preterm births < 34 weeks in singleton pregnancy.

A case series on the use of pessaries for shortened cervix / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

@#A cervical length <25 mm is correlated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. Pessaries have been used in patients with a short cervix to prevent preterm birth. Compared to cerclage, it is seen as a novel approach, which is more affordable, less invasive, and can be inserted at a later gestational age. We present our experience on the use of pessaries for shortened cervix. In this case series, we inserted a pessary in pregnant patients from 10 to 30 weeks of age of gestation (mean 23 weeks) with cervical length of 0.9 cm to 2.1 cm. We were able to prolong the pregnancy in 5 of the 7 cases with a mean interval to delivery of 14 weeks. One proposed mechanism of a pessary for shortened cervix is that it directs the inclination of the cervix posteriorly, which allows majority of the weight of the pregnancy to lie on the anterior segment of the uterus instead of on the internal cervical os. Based on the cases presented, we have proposed some guidelines in offering a pessary for patients with a shortened cervix: (1) recommend a pessary in patients with a cervical length <25 mm or a diagnosis of cervical insufficiency; (2) exclude infection or active labor; and (3) remove the pessary if there is rupture of membranes, significant vaginal bleeding, or persistent uterine contractions.

Parto pré-termo espontâneo sem rotura de membranas: intervenções para evitar o parto pré-termo / Spontaneous preterm birth without rupture of membranes: interventions to prevent preterm birth

A prematuridade é uma síndrome com múltiplos fatores de risco e cuja causa permanece desconhecida, mas, independentemente da etiologia, a parturição converge para uma via final comum de esvaecimento, dilatação e encurtamento do colo uterino. Do ponto de vista hormonal, o responsável por esse processo é a progesterona. A prevenção de quadros de prematuridade pode basear-se em tratamentos medicamentosos como a administração diária de comprimidos de progesterona; intervenções cirúrgicas para a contenção da cérvice uterina com fios inabsorvíveis mantidos até o termo, a cerclagem cervical; e o pessário cervical, dispositivo de silicone que envolve e inclina o colo uterino, evitando sua abertura. Para propor qualquer intervenção profilática ou terapêutica, a avaliação ultrassonográfica via transvaginal no segundo trimestre gestacional desempenha papel crucial. Apresentamos neste terceiro e último artigo da série sobre parto pré-termo espontâneo as intervenções terapêuticas e o rastreamento do colo uterino.(AU)

Preterm birth is a syndrome with multiple risk factors, with unknown etiology. Parturition converges to a final path with uterine cervix effacement, dilation and shortening and progesterone is the hormone responsible for this process. Preterm birth prevention relies on daily administration of progesterone pills; cerclage as a surgical intervention; or cervical pessary, a vaginal silicone device that enfolds and deflects the cervix, avoiding its opening. To propose any of these interventions it is crucial to evaluate the cervix during the second trimester by transvaginal ultrasound. Here, in the third and last article regarding preterm birth without membrane disruption, we present therapeutic interventions and ultrasound screening.(AU)

Cervical pessary plus progesterone for twin pregnancy with short cervix compared to unselected and non-treated twin pregnancy: a historical equivalence cohort study (EPM twin pessary study) / Pessário cervical associado a progesterona em gestações gemelares com colo curto comparado a gestações gemelares não selecionadas e não tratadas: estudo de coorte histórica de equivalência (Estudo de Pessário em Gêmeos EPM)

Abstract Objective The present study aims to determine if the use of cervical pessary plus progesterone in short-cervix (≤ 25 mm) dichorionic-diamniotic (DC-DA) twin pregnancies is equivalent to the rate of preterm births (PBs) with no intervention in unselected DC-DA twin pregnancies. Methods A historical cohort study was performed between 2010 and 2018, including a total of 57 pregnant women with DC-DA twin pregnancies. The women admitted from 2010 to 2012 (n = 32) received no treatment, and were not selected by cervical length (Non-Treated group, NTG), whereas those admitted from 2013 to 2018 (n = 25), were routinely submitted to cervical pessary plus progesterone after the diagnosis of short cervix from the 18th to the 27th weeks of gestation (Pessary-Progesterone group, PPG). The primary outcome analyzed was the rate of PBs before 34 weeks. Results There were no statistical differences between the NTG and the PPG regarding PB < 34 weeks (18.8%; versus 40.0%; respectively; p = 0.07) and the mean birthweight of the smallest twin (2,037 ± 425 g versus 2,195 ± 665 g; p = 0.327). The Kaplan-Meyer Survival analysis was performed, and there were no differences between the groups before 31.5 weeks. Logistic regression showed that a previous PB (< 37 weeks) presented an odds ratio (OR) of 15.951 (95%; confidence interval [95%;CI]: 1.294-196.557; p = 0.031*) for PB < 34 weeks in the PPG. Conclusion In DC-DA twin pregnancies with a short cervix, (which means a higher risk of PB), the treatment with cervical pessary plus progesterone could be considered equivalent in several aspects related to PB in the NTG, despite the big difference between these groups.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar se o uso de pessário cervical associado a progesterona em gestações de gêmeos dicoriônicos-diamnióticos (DC-DAs) com colo do útero curto (≤ 25 mm) apresenta taxa de parto prematuro (PP) equivalente à de gestações gemelares DC-DA sem nenhuma intervenção/não selecionadas. Métodos Um estudo de coorte histórica foi realizado entre 2010 e 2018, incluindo um total de 57 mulheres grávidas com gestações gemelares DC-DA. As mulheres admitidas de 2010 a 2012 (n = 32) não receberam tratamento, e não foram selecionadas pelo comprimento cervical (grupo Não Tratado, GNT), enquanto as admitidas de 2013 a 2018 (n = 25) receberam pessário cervical rotineiramente associado a progesterona após o diagnóstico de colo curto entre a 18a e a 27ª semanas de gestação (grupo Pessário-Progesterona, GPP). O desfecho primário analisado foi a taxa de PP antes de 34 semanas. Resultados Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre o GNT e o GPP em relação ao PP < 34 semanas (respectivamente, 18,8%; versus 40,0%;; p = 0,07) e ao peso médio ao nascer do gêmeo menor (2.037 ± 425 g versus 2.195 ± 665 g; p = 0,327). A análise de Kaplan-Meyer foi realizada, e não houve diferenças entre os grupos antes de 31,5 semanas. A regressão logística demonstrou que o nascimento prematuro anterior (< 37 semanas) apresentou razão de probabilidades (odds ratio, OR) de 15,951 (intervalo de confiança de 95%; [IC95%;]: 1,294-196,557; p = 0,031*) para o nascimento prematuro < 34 semanas no GPP. Conclusão Em gêmeos DC-DA com colo uterino curto (o que significa maior risco de nascimento prematuro), o tratamento com pessário cervical associado a progesterona pode ser considerado equivalente em diversos aspectos relacionados à prematuridade no GNT, apesar da grande diferença entre os grupos.

Uso de pesario para prolapso de órganos pélvicos durante el embarazo: serie de casos y revisión de la literatura / Pessary use in pelvic organ prolapse during pregnancy: case series and literature review

INTRODUCCIÓN: El prolapso de órganos pélvicos es infrecuente durante el embarazo y se asocia principalmente a mujeres multíparas. Dado que la población gestante no es la ideal para manejo quirúrgico, los pesarios son útiles para controlar los síntomas con pocos efectos adversos y contraindicaciones. Por su baja incidencia, la información reportada en la literatura se deriva de reportes de caso y las recomendaciones se extrapolan de pacientes no embarazadas. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión de la literatura y exposición de casos. Resultados: Se exponen cuatro casos de gestantes con prolapso de órganos pélvicos manejadas exitosamente con pesarios hasta el final de la gestación sin presentar complicaciones serias. CONCLUSIONES: Los pesarios son un método seguro y eficaz para el manejo de síntomas de prolapsos de órganos pélvicos durante el embarazo.

INTRODUCTION: Pelvic organ prolapse is rare during pregnancy and is associated to women with multiple vaginal child births. Pregnant women are not ideal candidates for surgical management of prolapse, making pessaries useful for symptom control with few adverse effects. Due to its low incidence, information reported in literature is derived from case reports and recommendations are extrapolated from non-pregnant patients. METHODOLOGY: Literature review and presentation of cases. RESULTS: Four cases of pregnant women with pelvic organ prolapse successfully managed with pessaries until the end of pregnancy without presenting serious complications are described. Conclusions: Pessaries are a safe and effective way to treat symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse during pregnancy.

Uso de pesario cervical y prevención de parto pretérmino / Cervical pessary use and preterm labor prevention

Introducción: El parto pretérmino constituye una causa importante de morbimortalidad perinatal con repercusiones sociales y económicas a nivel mundial. La intervención oportuna ante la identificación de factores de riesgo y un adecuado manejo consiguen reducir su incidencia y evitar las consecuencias de la prematurez. Objetivo: El presente trabajo se realiza con el objetivo de destacar al pesario cervical como una herramienta mecánica en la prevención del parto pretérmino, y una opción de tratamiento en embarazos mayores de 25 semanas con insuficiencia cervical. Presentación del caso: Se trata de una paciente de 38 años de edad con antecedente de parto pretérmino espontaneo (de 33 semanas), que ingresa a las 21 semanas de embarazo con dilatación cervical de 3cm y acortamiento de la longitud cervical de 14mm, signos ecográficos: sludge y funneling. Se optó por manejo expectante con medidas complementarias: administración de antibiótico, progesterona y uso de pesario cervical. Tras el control clínico de la infección y mayor acortamiento cervical a 7mm a pesar del uso de progesterona, se colocó un pesario cervical a las 25,5 semanas, a las 27,5 semanas fue dada de alta, a las 36,6 semanas se retiró el pesario tras inicio de actividad uterina. Discusión: La progesterona y el cerclaje son medidas de elección en casos de insuficiencia cervical, sin embargo, ante las dificultades técnicas de colocación; el pesario representó una alternativa. El uso de pesario permitió que el embarazo progrese al término con resultados beneficiosos y sin evidencia de efectos adversos.

Introduction: Preterm delivery is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality with global social and economic repercussions. Timely intervention in the identification of risk factors and proper management reduce their incidence and avoid the consequences of prematurity. Objective:This work is carried out with the aim of highlight the cervical pessary as a mechanical tool in the prevention of preterm birth and a treatment option in pregnancies over 25 weeks with cervical insufficiency. Case presentation: This is a 38-year-old patient with a history of spontaneous preterm delivery (33 weeks), who was admitted at 21 weeks of pregnancy with cervical dilation of 3cm and shortening of the cervical length of 14mm, ultrasound signs: sludge and funneling. Expectant management was opted, with complementary measures: administration of antibiotics, progesterone and use of a cervical pessary. After clinical control of the infection and greater cervical shortening to 7mm despite the use of progesterone, a cervical pessary was placed at 25.5 weeks, at 27.5 weeks she was discharged, at 36.6 weeks she was discharged. The pessary was removed after the start of uterine activity. Discussion: Progesterone and cerclage are the measures of choice in cases of cervical insufficiency, however, given the technical difficulties of placement; the pessary represented an alternative. Conclusion: The use of the pessary allowed the pregnancy to progress to term with beneficial results and without evidence of adverse effects.

Manual clínico de cuidados de enfermagem a mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos / Clinical nursing care manual for women with pelvic organ prolapse

Resumo: Introdução: Diversas mulheres atendidas na rede pública apresentam prolapso de órgãos pélvicos. Estes, além de interferirem na função urinária, intestinal e sexual, impactam negativamente na qualidade de vida dessas mulheres. Os prolapsos de órgãos pélvicos podem ser corrigidos cirurgicamente ou pela inserção de pessários uroginecológicos no canal vaginal. Os pessários são dispositivos de silicone que podem ser inseridos e retirados pela própria mulher, com benefícios semelhantes ao procedimento cirúrgico. A capacitação para uso dos pessários pode ser uma prática do enfermeiro; o que contribuiria para a redução das filas cirúrgicas e resolução do problema para mulheres com alto risco operatório. Porém essa não é a realidade nacional. Diante dessa lacuna, se faz necessário fomentar a discussão entre esses profissionais. Objetivo: Construir um Manual Clínico de Cuidados de Enfermagem a mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos. Objetivos específicos: Quantificar o atendimento de mulheres com POP; Caracterizar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre o tema; e Discutir o conteúdo do manual junto aos enfermeiros que atuam na atenção primária. Metodologia: Pesquisa metodológica com abordagem qualitativa, na atenção primária à saúde, num distrito de um Município no Paraná; que seguiu as seguintes etapas: quantificação do atendimento a muheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos, para identificação da demanda; caracterizar o nível de conhecimentos dos enfermeiros, por meio de questionário e realização de oficinas para discussão do manual com os profissionais, sensibilizando-os sobre a temática. Participaram desta pesquisa 42 enfermeiros que atuavam na assistência direta ou indireta da atenção primária à saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de oficinas propostas e na análise dos dados foram seguidos os passos de John W. Creswell. Resultados: Identificou-se, por meio deste estudo, que de um número de 436 mulheres, 96,56% tinha algum tipo de incontinência urinária, sendo a de maior prevalência a incontinência urinária de esforço, representando 73,75% destes casos; 41,51% possuíam prolapso de órgãos pélvicos associado a incontinência urinária. O local de estudo ficou em segundo lugar em número de casos da cidade. As oficinas proporcionaram um melhor entendimento em relação à inserção dos profissionais no contexto dos cuidados de enfermagem à mulher com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos; nelas, os profissionais de enfermagem passaram por uma experiência nova que permitiu atentar para cada detalhe e conhecer melhor essa patologia, demonstrando a sensibilidade dos profissionais frente ao atendimento a estas mulheres. Os participantes demonstraram ter algum conhecimento referente aos prolapsos de órgãos pélvicos, porém possuíam conhecimento restrito sobre os pessários, ou quase nulo. Considerações finais: A construção de um manual clínico subsidiará a assistência e a tomada de decisão clínica, proporcionando um conhecimento científico e didático, aprimoramento da assistência a mulheres com prolapso de órgãos pélvicos, sensibilizando os enfermeiros para a discussão e planejamento da sistematização dos cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes acometidas pelo prolapso de órgãos pélvicos, num diálogo aberto, mostrando a importância de cuidar destas mulheres na atenção primária, aprimorando a assistência, e evitando a sobrecarga em outros níveis de atenção à saúde, de forma segura.

Abstract: Introduction: Many women attended in the health public system have pelvic organ prolapse (POP). This prevalent disease impact the life quality of these women, negatively, in addition to interfering with urinary, intestinal, and sexual functions. POP can be corrected surgically or by using the vaginal pessary (VP) device. Pessaries are silicone devices that can be inserted into the vaginal canal and removed by the own patient with benefits similar to the surgical procedure. Training for the use of pessaries can be a nurse's practice, which would contribute to reducing surgical queues and solving the problem for women with high surgical risk. However, this procedure is not the Brazilian national reality. In view of this gap, it is needed to encourage this theme discussion among health professionals. Objective: Prepare a Nursing Care Clinical Manual for women with POP. As specific objectives: (a) quantify attendance of women with POP; (b) characterize the nurses' knowledge on the theme; and (c) discuss the manual content with nurses working in primary care. Methodology: Methodological research with a qualitative approach in primary health care, in a county, in Paraná State, Brazil, following these steps: (a) quantifying attendance to women with POP to identify demand; and (b) characterizing nurses' knowledge level, using a questionnaire and workshops to discuss the manual, making professionals aware about the theme. Forty-two nurses participated in this research, who worked in the direct or indirect attendance of primary health care. Data were collected in workshops proposed, and the data analysis was carried out in accordance with John W. Creswell. Results: It was identified, by this study, that 96.56% from universe of 436 women had some type of urinary incontinence, being the stress urinary incontinence the highest prevalence, representing 73.75%; 41.51% had POP associated with urinary incontinence. This study site ranked second among the cases in this county. The workshops provided a better understanding and engagement of professionals in the context of nursing care for women with POP; the nursing professionals had a new experience with that women group, allowing them to pay attention to every detail and better understand this pathology, showing their sensitivity regarding the care of these women. The participants showed to have some knowledge regarding the POP, but they had limited knowledge about the pessaries, or almost none. Final considerations: The preparation of a clinical manual will subsidize attendance and clinical decision-making, providing scientific and didactic knowledge about the POP, in an open dialogue, sensitizing nurses to discuss and plan the systematization of nursing care to patients affected by this disease, showing the importance to care them in primary care, improving the attendance, and avoiding overload on other levels of health care in a safe way

Use of the pessary in the prevention of preterm delivery / Uso do pessário na prevenção de parto pretermo

Abstract Objective The gestational complication most associated with perinatalmortality and morbidity is spontaneous preterm birth with gestational age < 37 weeks. Therefore, it is necessary to identify its risk factors and attempt its prevention. The benefits of the pessary in prematurity are under investigation. Our objective was to analyze the use of the pessary in the prevention of preterm births in published studies, and to compare its efficacy with other methods. Methods Randomized clinical trials published between 2010 and 2018 were selected from electronic databases. Studies on multiple gestations were excluded. Results Two studies were in favor of the pessary as a preventive method, one study was contrary to the method and another two showed no statistically significant difference. Themeta-analysis showed no statistical difference with the use of a cervical pessary in the reduction of births < 37 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63; confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.38-1.06) and < 34 weeks (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.35-1.57) Conclusion The pooled data available to date seems to show a lack of efficacy of the cervical pessary in the prevention of preterm birth, although the heterogeneity of the studies made comparisons more difficult.

Resumo Objetivo O parto com idade gestacional < 37 semanas é a complicação gestacional mais associada à mortalidade e morbidade perinatal, sendo necessária a identificação de seus fatores de risco e a tentativa de sua prevenção. Os benefícios do pessário na prematuridade estão sendo investigados. Nosso objetivo foi analisar os estudos publicados sobre uso do pessário na prevenção do parto pretermo e comparar sua eficácia perante outros métodos. Métodos Foramselecionados estudos clínicos randomizados publicados entre 2010 e 2018, extraídos de bases eletrônicas de dados. Estudos de gestações múltiplas foram excluídos. Resultados Dois estudos semostraram a favor do pessário comométodo preventivo, um estudo foi contrário ao método, e outros dois não demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significativa. A meta-análise não mostrou diferença significativa no Conclusão Os dados agrupados disponíveis até o momento parecem mostrar uma falta de eficácia do pessário cervical na prevenção do parto pretermo, embora a heterogeneidade dos estudos tenha dificultado as comparações.

Factors associated with the prescription of vaginal pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with the prescription of vaginal pessaries (VPs) as a conservative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during two annual urogynecology and general obstetrics and gynecology meetings in 2017 (São Paulo, SP, Brazil). A 19-item deidentified questionnaire regarding experiences and practices in prescribing VPs for POP patients was distributed among gynecologists. Our primary outcome was the frequency of prescribing VPs as a conservative treatment for POP. The reasons for prescribing or not prescribing VPs were also investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses with crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were performed for variables associated with the prescription of pessaries. RESULTS: Three hundred forty completed surveys were analyzed. Half of the respondents (53.53%) were between 30-49 years old; most of them were female (73.53%), were from the Southeast Region (64.12%), were trained in obstetrics and gynecology (80.24%) or urogynecology (61.18%) and worked in private offices (63.42%). More than one-third (36.48%) attended four or more POP cases/week, and 97.65% (n=332) had heard or knew about VPs for POP; however, only 47.06% (n=160) prescribed or offered this treatment to patients. According to the multivariate analysis, physicians aged 18-35 years (OR=1.97[1.00-3.91]; p=0.04), those who participated in a previous urogynecology fellowship (OR=2.34[1.34-4.09]; p<0.01), those with relatively high volumes of POP cases (4 or +) (OR=2.23[1.21-4.47]; p=0.01) and those with PhD degrees (OR=2.75[1.01-7.54]; p=0.05) prescribed more pessaries. CONCLUSIONS: Most gynecologists did not prescribe VPs. Younger physician age, participation in a previous urogynecology fellowship, a PhD degree, and a relatively high volume of POP cases were associated with increased VP prescription rates.

Hugs for keeps: A case report of pessary insertion in preterm twin gestation in the Philippines / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

@#Preterm birth accounts to 35 % of deaths in a year. Twin gestation, around 7.2 per 1000 births in the Philippines, is a known risk factor that increases likelihood of preterm birth compared to singletons. Most studies that addresses preterm births are focused on singleton pregnancies. There have been no established recommendations to control preterm labor in twin pregnancies. Pessary insertion is among these recommendations. There are no reported cases of pessary insertion to control preterm birth among twins in the Philippines. This study presents a case of twin gestation in preterm labor and no functional cervix on transvaginal ultrasound. Hodge pessary was inserted at 28 weeks age of gestation. She delivered at 36 weeks to live baby girls, both 2,200 grams and were directly roomed-in. Further studies are recommended to establish stronger evidence supporting pessary use in multiple gestation to improve outcome of neonates.

Quality of life and vaginal symptoms of postmenopausal women using pessary for pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The use of pessary is an option for the conservative treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, here are few studies assess the quality of life (QoL) after inserting the pessary for POP. We have hypothesized that the use of pessary would modify QoL in women with POP. METHODS: A prospective, observational study was performed that included 19 women with advanced POP. Pessary was introduced, and the SF-36 (general quality of life) and ICIQ-VS (vaginal symptoms and quality of life subdomain) questionnaires were applied before the introduction and after six months. A single question about the satisfaction regarding the use of the device was presented (subjective impression). RESULTS: The mean age of the women included was 76 years. Most of them were non-caucasian (52.6%), with no prior pelvic surgery (57.5%), with urinary symptoms (78.9%). A third of the patients reported sexual activity. After treatment, 22.2% of them presented vaginal infection, and 27.7% increased vaginal discharge. Urinary symptoms remained unaltered. Women reported 100% satisfaction after using the pessary (77.7% partial improvement; 22.3% total improvement). SF-36 had significant improvement in three specific domains: general state of health (p=0.090), vitality (p=0.0497) and social aspects (p=0.007). ICIQ-VS presented a reduction in the vaginal symptoms (p < 0.0001) and an improvement in QoL (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The use of pessary for six months improved the QoL and reduced vaginal symptoms for women with advanced POP.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O pessário é uma opção para o tratamento conservador do prolapso genital. MÉTODOS: Um estudo prospectivo e observacional foi realizado com 19 mulheres com prolapso genital avançado. A avaliação da qualidade de vida e dos sintomas vaginais foi mensurada pelos questionários SF-36 e ICIQ-VS antes e seis meses depois da colocação do pessário. Uma pergunta simples sobre satisfação do uso do dispositivo foi também feita (impressão subjetiva). RESULTADOS: A idade média das mulheres foi de 76 anos. A maioria era parda/negra (52,6%), sem cirurgias pélvicas (57,5%), com sintomas urinários (78,9%). Um terço das pacientes relatou atividade sexual. Depois do tratamento, 22,2% apresentaram infecção vaginal e 27,7% fluxo vaginal aumentado. Não houve alteração da prevalência dos sintomas urinários. As mulheres relataram 100% de satisfação (77,7% melhora parcial e 22,3% melhora completa) depois do uso do pessário. Houve melhora em três domínios do SF-36: saúde em geral (p=0,090), vitalidade (p=0,0497) e aspectos sociais (p=0,007). O ICIQ-VS apresentou redução nos sintomas vaginais (p<0,0001) e melhora da qualidade de vida (p<0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: O uso do pessário por seis meses em mulheres com prolapso genital melhorou a qualidade de vida e reduziu os sintomas vaginais.

Protocolo para tratamento de prolapso de órgãos pélvicos com pessário vaginal / Protocolo de tratamiento del prolapso de órganos pélvicos con pesario vaginal / Protocol for pelvic organ prolapse treatment with vaginal pessaries

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver um protocolo clínico para o tratamento conservador do prolapso de órgãos pélvicos com pessário vaginal. Métodos Pesquisa de desenvolvimento ocorrida de julho de 2015 a janeiro de 2016 e realizada em etapas: refinamento dos tópicos/questões do protocolo; estabelecimento de recomendações para pesquisa e atualização; revisão por pares. A análise se deu por programa estatístico e pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados O protocolo foi desenvolvido e avaliado por meio da técnica Delphi quanto aos critérios objetivos, conteúdo e apresentação e relevância por profissionais da área, sendo calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo total de cada domínio e global. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo total do domínio objetivos foi 1,00, do critério conteúdo e apresentação foi 0,98 e do domínio relevância, 0,96. Obteve-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global de 0,98. Dessa forma, verificou-se concordância entre os participantes da técnica Delphi, com valor acima de 0,85, considerando o protocolo clínico válido. Conclusão Acredita-se que os profissionais de saúde, ao utilizar o protocolo clínico, terão maior embasamento na prática, oferecendo um cuidado de maior qualidade, pois é uma ferramenta válida e pautada cientificamente.

Resumen Objetivo Desarrollar un protocolo clínico para el tratamiento conservador del prolapso de órganos pélvicos con pesario vaginal. Métodos Investigación de desarrollo realizada entre julio de 2015 y enero de 2016, efectuada en etapas: refinación de tópicos/preguntas del protocolo; establecimiento de recomendaciones para investigación y actualización; revisión por pares. Análisis ejecutado mediante programa estadístico e Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados El protocolo fue desarrollado y evaluado utilizándose la técnica Delphi respecto a los criterios objetivos, contenido y presentación, y relevancia por profesionales del área, calculándose el Índice de Validez de Contenido total de cada dominio y el global. El Índice de Validez de Contenido total del dominio objetivos fue 1,00; el del criterio contenido y presentación, del 0,98; y el del dominio relevancia, 0,96. El Índice de Validez de Contenido global fue de 0,98. Así, se verificó concordancia de la técnica Delphi entre los participantes, con valor superior a 0,85; considerándose válido el protocolo clínico. Conclusión Al ser utilizado por los profesionales de salud, el protocolo clínico les brindará mayor fundamentación en la práctica, permitiéndoles ofrecer mejor calidad de atención, pues es una herramienta válida y elaborada científicamente.

Abstract Objective To develop a clinical protocol for the conservative treatment of pelvic organ prolapse with vaginal pessaries. Methods Developmental research conducted in the period from July 2015 to January 2016 and performed in the following steps: refinement of topics/protocol issues; establishing recommendations for research and updates; peer review. The analysis was by statistical program and the Content Validity Index (CVI). Results The protocol was developed and evaluated by professionals of the area through the Delphi technique regarding criteria of objectives, content and presentation, and relevance. The total CVI of each domain and the overall CVI were calculated. The total Content Validity Index for the objectives domain was 1.00, for content and presentation criterion was 0.98, and for the relevance domain was 0.96. The overall Content Validity Index obtained was 0.98. Thus, there was agreement among participants of the Delphi technique with value above 0.85, and the clinical protocol was considered valid. Conclusion When health professionals use the clinical protocol, they will have a better foundation in practice and offer a higher quality care, since this is a valid and scientifically based tool.

Evaluación de la calidad de vida en mujeres climatéricas con prolapso genital luego del uso del pesario / Evaluation of the quality of life in climacteric women with genital prolapse after the use of the pessary

Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad del pesario sobre la calidad de vida y la función sexual en mujeres climatéricas con prolapso genital grado II o mayor. Material y método. Estudio analítico, observacional, de corte transversal. Se eligieron mujeres en climaterio que asistieron a consulta por prolapso genital, en la Clínica la Sagrada Familia, Armenia, Quindío, entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2016. Se les aplicó dos escalas para medir el grado de satisfacción con el uso del pesario: la escala Menopause Rating Scale, y el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina. Ambos cuestionarios fueron realizados antes de la inserción del pesario y luego de tres meses de uso. Resultados. La muestra la constituyeron 57 mujeres con prolapso genital de 33.177 que consultaron en ginecología, para un 0,17% de mujeres tratadas con pesario. El 36,84% presentaron prolapso grado II; 47,36%, grado III, y 15,78%, grado IV. La edad media fue 52,8±5,4 años (rango entre 48 y 78 años); la edad media de la menopausia fue 48,3±4,2 años (rango entre 45 y 51 años), destacándose la menopausia natural en la mayoría (89%). El mayor porcentaje de mujeres usuarias del pesario pertenece al grupo de edad de más de 65 años (84,21%). La puntuación media global de la escala Menopause Rating Scale, antes de la inserción del pesario fue de 18,8±4,3 puntos (rango entre 6,9±3,3 y 19,5±9,6), y 10,2±5,4 puntos (rango entre 2,7±1,2 y 7,5±4,2) después de tres meses de uso. La puntuación media total del Índice de Función Sexual Femenina, antes de la inserción del pesario, fue 16,3 ± 8,3 puntos (rango entre 8,7 y 27,9); después de tres meses de uso del pesario la puntuación media total fue 21,7± 8 puntos (rango entre 9,9 y 29,7). Los trastornos sexuales más frecuentes fueron disminución del deseo (85,2%), anorgasmia (74,7%) y dolor (65,7%), con una prevalencia global de dificultades sexuales del 81,3%. Conclusión. El uso de pesarios en mujeres con prolapso genital grado II o mayor es una terapia eficaz en la disminución de los síntomas vaginales con mejoría en la calidad de vida y la sexualidad.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the pessary on quality of life and sexual function in climacteric women with genital prolapse grade II or higher. Material and methods. Analytical, observational, cross-sectional study. Women in climacteric who attended consultation for genital prolapse were elected at the Sagrada Familia Clinic, Armenia, Quindío, between January 2009 and December 2016. Two scales were applied to measure the degree of satisfaction with the use of the pessary: the «Menopause Rating Scale¼ Scale, and the Female Sexual Function Index. Both questionnaires were carried out, before the insertion of the pessary and after three months of use. Results. The sample consisted of 57 women with genital prolapse of 33,177 who consulted in gynecology, for a 0.17% of women treated with pessary. 36.84% had prolapse grade II, 47.36% grade III and 15.78% grade IV. The mean age was 52.8 ± 5.4 years (range between 48 and 78 years); The mean age of the menopause was 48.3 ± 4.2 years (range between 45 and 51 years), with natural menopause standing out in the majority (89%). The highest percentage of women using the pessary belongs to the age group over 65 years old (84.21%). The overall average score of the «Menopause Rating Scale¼ before the insertion of the pessary was 18.8 ± 4.3 points (range between 6.9 ± 3.3 and 19.5 ± 9.6), and 10.2 ± 5.4 points (range between 2.7 ± 1.2 and 7.5 ± 4.2) after three months of use. The total mean score of the Feminine Sexual Function Index, before the insertion of the pessary was 16.3 ± 8.3 points (range between 8.7 and 27.9), after three months of use of the pessary the total average score it was 21.7 ± 8 points (range between 9.9 and 29.7). The most frequent sexual disorders were desire decrease (85.2%), anorgasmia (74.7%) and pain (65.7%), with an overall prevalence of sexual difficulties of 81.3%. Conclusion. The use of pessaries in women with genital prolapse grade II or greater is an effective therapy in the reduction of vaginal symptoms with improvement in quality of life and sexuality.

Incarceration of early gravid uterus with adenomyosis and myoma: report of two patients managed with uterine reduction

Although gravid uterine incarceration is typically diagnosed during the early second trimester, we encountered two unusual cases in early pregnancy. A 34-year-old multiparous woman with adenomyosis presented at 7 + 2 weeks of gestation with increased urinary frequency and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. The uterine incarceration was successfully reduced by manual reduction and pessary insertion, and she delivered a normal infant at term. In the second case, a 31-year-old nulliparous woman with a large myoma complained of dysuria, acute urinary retention, and intense back pain at 6 weeks of gestation. Manual reduction was successful in the knee-chest position. Subsequent pessary insertion failed; however, a slight reduction in pain was achieved. After a week, the fetus spontaneously aborted. In summary, gravid uterine incarceration is a rare but potentially fatal condition for the fetus, and a suspicion of this condition in patients with urinary symptoms, especially urinary retention and pelvic pain, is important in the early gestation period.

Can the Pessary Use Modify the Vaginal Microbiological Flora? A Cross-sectional Study / O uso de pessário vaginal pode alterar a flora microbiológica? Um estudo transversal

Abstract Introduction Vaginal pessary is used as a conservative treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Some studies have shown that common complaints of its use may include vaginal discomfort and increased vaginal discharge. Scant information is available about the microflora status after using this device. Objective To determine if the usage of vaginal pessary can interfere with the vaginal environment. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from March of 2014 to July of 2015 including 90 women with POP. The study group was composed of 45 women users of vaginal pessary and 45 nom-users. All enrolled women answered a standardized questionnaire and were subjected to a gynecological exam to collect vaginal samples for microbiological evaluation under optic microscopy. Clinical and microbiological data were compared between study and control groups. Results Vaginal discharge was confirmed in 84% of the study group versus 62.2% in the control group (p< 0.01); itching was reported in 20 and 2.2%, respectively (p< .05); genital ulcers were only found in the pessary group (20%). There was no difference with regard to the type of vaginal flora. Bacterial vaginosis was prevalent in the study group (31.1% study group versus 22.2% control group), (p=.34). Conclusion Women using vaginal pessaries for POP treatment presented more vaginal discharge, itching and genital ulcers than non-users.

Resumo Introdução O pessário vaginal é utilizado como tratamento conservador para o prolapso de órgãos pélvicos (POP). Alguns estudos demonstraram que as queixas mais comuns do seu uso são o desconforto vaginal e um aumento do fluxo vaginal. As informações são escassas a respeito do que ocorre com a microflora vaginal após o uso do pessário. Objetivo Determinar se o uso do pessário pode interferir com o ambiente vaginal. Métodos Um estudo transversal realizado de março de 2014 a julho de 2015 com 90 mulheres com POP; metade delas usaram pessário e a outra metade permaneceu como grupo controle. Todas preencheram um questionário e realizaram exame ginecológico para coleta de amostras vaginais para análise microbiológica. Dados clínicos e microbiológicos foram comparados entre os grupos de estudo e de controle. Resultados O fluxo vaginal foi confirmado em 84% das mulheres do grupo de estudo versus 62,2% do grupo de controle (p< 0,01); prurido foi encontrado em 20 e 2,2%, respectivamente (p< 0,05). As úlceras genitais foram somente encontradas no grupo pessário (20%). Não houve diferenças com relação ao tipo de flora vaginal. A vaginose bacteriana fora encontrada em 31,1% das mulheres do grupo de estudo versus 22,2% do grupo de controle (p= 0,34). Conclusão Mulheres usando pessários vaginais para tratamento do POP apresentaram maior fluxo vaginal, prurido e úlcera genital do que as não usuárias do dispositivo.

Prevención de parto prematuro en gemelar: ¿qué hay de nuevo? / Premature birth prevention in twin: what's new?

La incidencia del embarazo gemelar ha aumentado en todo el mundo de manera significativa en los últimos años. Uno de los principales problemas asociados es la prematurez, la cual afecta prácticamente al 50% de los embarazos gemelares, y es la causa única más importante de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal. En este contexto cobran cada vez mas importancia las medidas de prevención del parto prematuro. En el embarazo único, existe evidencia sólida para recomendar el uso de múltiples estrategias de prevención, con resultados alentadores. En gestaciones múltiples en cambio, la información es menor y los resultados menos prometedores. Este articulo tiene como objetivo revisar la evidencia disponible sobre diferentes técnicas de prevención del parto prematuro en embarazos gemelares.

The incidence of twin pregnancy has increased significantly worldwide in recent years. One of the main associated problems is prematurity, which affects almost 50% of twin pregnancies, and is the single most important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this context, measures of prevention of preterm delivery are becoming increasingly important. In single pregnancy, there is strong evidence to recommend the use of multiple prevention strategies, with encouraging results. In multiple gestations, the information is smaller and the results less promising. This article aims to review available evidence on different techniques for preventing preterm birth in twin pregnancies.

Cervical pessary in prevention of preterm birth: A case series / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Preterm birth defined as birth between 20-37 weeks age of gestation, poses major concerns as it causes serious health problems. Across 184 countries, the rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born and the Philippines ranks 8th out of 184 countries for the number of babies born prematurely, and ranks 17th for the total number of deaths due to complications from preterm birth. Management of incompetent cervix as one of the causes of preterm birth is cerclage. However, pessary insertion is an alternative especially in cases where cerclage may not be employed. To date, there have been no local published reports on effectiveness of pessary in prevention of preterm birth. Hence this study aims to report on cases supporting the use of pessary in preterm birth. This is a case series of three patients with short functional cervical lengths (

Cervical pessary in prevention of preterm birth: A case series / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Preterm birth defined as birth between 20-37 weeks age of gestation, poses major concerns as it causes serious health problems. Across 184 countries, the rate of preterm birth ranges from 5% to 18% of babies born and the Philippines ranks 8th out of 184 countries for the number of babies born prematurely, and ranks 17th for the total number of deaths due to complications from preterm birth. Management of incompetent cervix as one of the causes of preterm birth is cerclage. However, pessary insertion is an alternative especially in cases where cerclage may not be employed. To date, there have been no local published reports on effectiveness of pessary in prevention of preterm birth. Hence this study aims to report on cases supporting the use of pessary in preterm birth. This is a case series of three patients with short functional cervical lengths (

Predicting factors for success of vaginal delivery in preterm induction with prostaglandin E₂

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin (PG) E₂ for preterm labor induction and to investigate the predictive factors for the success of vaginal delivery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in women (n=155) at 24+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation who underwent induction of labor using a PGE₂ vaginal pessary (10 mg, Propess) from January 2009 to December 2015. Success rates of vaginal delivery according to gestational age at induction and incidence of intrapartum complications such as tachysystole and nonreassuring fetal heart rate were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive factors for success of labor induction. RESULTS: The vaginal delivery rate was 57% (n=89) and the rate of cesarean delivery after induction was 43% (n=66). According to gestational age, labor induction was successful in 16.7%, 50.0%, and 62.8% of patients at 24 to 31, 32 to 33, and 34 to 36 weeks, showing a stepwise increase (P=0.006). There were 18 cases (11%) of fetal distress, 9 cases (5.8%) of tachysystole, and 6 cases (3.8%) of massive postpartum bleeding (>1,000 mL). After adjusting for confounding factors, multiparity (odds ratio [OR], 8.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.10 to 23.14), younger maternal age (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.94), advanced gestational age at induction (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09), rupture of membranes (OR, 11.83; 95% CI, 3.55 to 39.40), and the Bishop score change after removal of PGE₂ (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.8) were significant predictors of successful preterm vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the principal predictive factors of successful preterm labor induction, as well as the safety of PGE₂, will provide useful information when clinicians consult with preterm pregnant women requiring premature delivery.

Construção e validação de protocolo para utilização de pessário vaginal

O prolapso de órgãos pélvicos é considerado a desci da do conteúdo pélvico e/ou intraperitoneal pelo canal vaginal. Dentre os tipos de tratamentos conservadores, tem-se o pessário. Entende-se que o uso do dispositivo é uma opção viável, pois é um tratamento de primeira linha, de baixo custo e de baixo risco. A consulta a mulheres com esse agravo necessita ser sistematizada, e, dentre as ferrament as que auxiliam nessa sistematização, tem-se a utilização dos protocolos clínicos. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral do estudo foi desenvolver protocolo clínico para o tratamento conservador do prolapso de órgãos pélvicos com pessário vaginal. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de desenvolvimen to a qual ocorreu de julho de 2015 a janeiro de 2016, dividindo-se em cinco etapas: 1) R efinamento dos tópicos/questões do protocolo; 2) Revisão sistemática; 3) Estabelecimen to de recomendações para pesquisa e atualização da diretriz/protocolo; 4) Revisão por p ares do protocolo; 5) Planejamento de disseminação da diretriz/protocolo, incluindo local ização e avaliação. O instrumento utilizado para a avaliação da qualidade do protocolo foi o Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation . A análise se deu pelo programa SPSS versão 20.0 , pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e por uma fórmula própria do instrumento d e avaliação que calcula a pontuação de qualidade do protocolo. Para refinar os tópicos/que stões do protocolo clínico, realizou-se brainstorming eletrônico com cinco profissionais da área de Urog inecologia, entrevista com quatro usuárias de pessário vaginal e imersão da pe squisadora no serviço...

The pelvic organ prolapse is regarded as the descen t of the pelvic contents and/or by intraperitoneal vaginal canal. Among the types of c onservative treatments, it has the pessary. It is understood that the use of the device is a vi able option as it is a first-line treatment, low cost and low risk. Consultation with women with thi s injury needs to be systematized, and, among the tools that help in this systematization, there is the use of clinical protocols. Thus, the overall objective of the study was to develop a clinical protocol for the conservative treatment of pelvic organ prolapse with vaginal pes sary. It was a development of research which took place from July 2015 to January 2016, di viding into five steps: 1) Refinement of topics/issues of the Protocol; 2) Systematic review ; 3) Establishment of recommendations for research and update the guideline/protocol; 4) Revi ew by the protocol peers; 5) Dissemination planning guideline/protocol, including location and evaluation. The instrument used for assessing the quality of the protocol was the Appra isal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation. The analysis was done by SPSS version 2 0.0, the Content Validity Index and its own formula of assessment tool that calculates the protocol quality score. To refine topics/issues of the clinical protocol, was held el ectronic brainstorming with five professionals Urogynecology area, interview with fo ur users of vaginal pessary and immersion of the researcher in the service...